Itegeko rimaze iminsi ryigwaho mu Nteko Nshingamategeko rijyanye no kwemerera abakobwa cyangwa abagore gukuramo inda, abantu ntibarivugaho rumwe. Nyamara, abakobwa bagera ku bihumbi mirongo itandatu bakuramo inda baba batwaye batabiteganyije. Kubera kutabikorera kwa muganga, benshi muri bo bahasiga ubuzima, abandi na bo bikabasigira ibikomere batazakira.

Birakwiye ko gukuramo inda byemerwa n’amategeko igihe hari impamvu runaka? Izo mpaka zamaze igihe kinini zigibwa n’Abadepite. Mu gihe hari kuvugururwa igitabo cy’amategeko ahana mu Rwanda, harimo itegeko rivuga ko gukuramo inda byakemerwa mu gihe uwatwise yafashwe ku ngufu, yatwise biturutse ku mihango gakondo, yarashyingiwe ku ngufu cyangwa yatewe inda n’uwo bafitanye isano ya bugufi ku gisanira cya kabiri, cyangwa mu gihe iyo nda ishobora gushyira mu kaga ubuzima bw’umwana cyangwa ubw’umubyeyi. Mu gihe bitari ibyo, itegeko riteganya ko uwakuyemo inda ku bushake ahabwo igihano kiri hagati y’imyaka 2 kugera kuri 20 y’igifungo.

Imiryango ya sosiyete sivile irimo HDI (Health Development Initiative) uharanira iterambere mu buzima ndetse na ARBEF imibereho myiza y’umuryango, ivuga ko iri tegeko rishyizwe mu bikorwa ryarengera abana b’abakobwa bapfa bakuramo inda rwihishwa.

Inda z’indaro

Buri mwaka, byibura abagore n’abakobwa bagera ku 60 000 bakuramo ku bushake, ni ukuvuga 25 ku 1000 ku bagore batwite bafite hagati y’imyaka 15 na 44. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’ikigo cyo muri Amerika, Guttmacher, cyazobereye mu gukora ubushakashatsi ku buzima bw’imyororokere, gifatanyije na Minisiteri y’Ubuzima na Kaminuza y’u Rwanda, bwagaragaje ko gukuramo inda ari ikibazo gikomeye kireba ubuzima rusange kandi kibangamiye cyane ubuzima bw’abagore: 40% mu bagerageje gukuramo inda – abagore 16 700, mu 2009 – byabaye ngombwa ko  bakurikiranwa n’abaganga nyuma yo kugerageza kuzikuramo.
 
Ubusanzwe abakuramo inda babikora rwihishwa,  kuko itegeko ribifata nk’icyaha cyo kwica. Abenshi mu bakuramo izo nda usanga ari abakobwa bakiri bato baba bihakanywe n’inshuti zabo cyangwa imiryango yabo, bakaba bahitamo kuzikuramo bihishe iyo badashaka kubyara. Nk’urugero, abakobwa benshi bahitamo kujya gukuriramo izo nda i Goma mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Abaganga baho ntibita ku byo amategeko avuga cyangwa imyaka y’ababagana. Nyamara iyo bagarutse, usanga abenshi baterwa ibibazo n’uko gukuramo inda. Gutwita batabishaka usanga akenshi ari byo biba intandaro yo gukuramo inda. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko 47% by’abagore batwita baba batabyuvukanyeho n’ababatera izo nda.

Batinda kwivuza

Nk’uko bitangazwa n’umuganga wize ibijyanye n’ubuzima bw’imyororokere, “abakobwa benshi bakuramo inda babikorewe n’abatabizi, ugasanga akenshi babakuyemo za nyababyeyi ku buryo baba batashobora kuzongera kubyara.” Ingaruka zo gukuramo inda usanga ari nyinshi,  kuko akenshi abazikuramo usanga ari ababyaza gakondo batabihugukiwe, abafite za farumasi usanga bakoresha uburyo bwateza ingaruka, cyangwa se bigakorwa n’abashaka kuzikuramo ubwabo.

Kutagira amikoro sibyo bituma bakuramo inda. N’abafite amafaranga ahagije usanga babikorera ahantu hadasobanutse: ku misambi yanduye, ndetse akenshi n’ibikoresho biba bitabanje gutekwa. Hari n’abakoresha imiti batazi kandi ikagira ingaruka ku buzima bwabo. Abakobwa bo ngo bajya kwa muganga iyo bagize ibibazo nyuma yo gukuramo inda.
Uko gukuramo inda mu buryo bwa rwihishwa ni kimwe mu byongera umubare w’abana n’abagore bitaba Imana. Nk’uko byagaragajwe n’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’Ikigo cy’igihugu cy’Ubuzima rusange mu Rwanda (Institut de la Santé publique du Rwanda) muri 2009, abagore bagera ku 10.5% by’ababyara bapfa bazira kubyarira ahantu hadasobanutse kandi nta n’umuganga wemewe ubakurikirana. Kwangirika kwa nyababyeyi, kuribwa bihoraho, kutabyara, urupfu,… uwo niwo mutwaro w’ibibazo abagore badashaka kubyara abo batwise bagomba kwitegura.

Ku baharanira ko gukuramo inda bitafatwa nk’icyaha gihanirwa n’amategeko basanga bizatuma abashaka kuzikuramo babikorera ahantu hizewe, kimwe mu byatuma ingaruka zabyo zigabanuka. Kiliziya gatolika, kimwe n’andi madini ya gikirisito, bo bavuga ko nta kintu na kimwe cyatuma umuntu akuramo inda, kuko ngo bingana no kwica umuntu wabigambiriye. Urebye ubwinshi bw’inda zikurwamo rwihishwa, Abanyarwanda bamwe baratinya ko kuzikuramo nibyemerwa n’amategeko n’umubare w’abazikuramo uziyongera. Orinfor

Ifoto: cvm.qc.ca